Responsible beverage service program primarily depend upon

Most of the discussion in bioethics and health policy has focused on society's obligation to provide access to healthcare. 9, 10ДЄssuming that society is partly responsible for the health of its members, however, does not settle the question of how it should fulfil this responsibility. Assuming that responsibility for health rests either with individuals or with society, it follows that society should also help to promote health and prevent disease. 11 Although individuals should play an important role in maintaining their own health, they should not be held entirely responsible for it. 10 Third, it would be exceedingly difficult to implement a system that holds individuals responsible for their own health, since diseases and disabilities result from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. 9 Second, it is unfair to hold individuals responsible for their own health if they cannot make sound healthвЂђrelated choices because of ignorance, mental incompetence, addictive behaviors or cultural pressures. 9, 10, 11, 12 First, holding individuals entirely responsible for their own health conflicts with medicine's obligation to treat the sick and society's obligation to take care of vulnerable people. While this view has a great deal of intuitive appeal, it also faces numerous objections. Given the wellвЂђdocumented relationship between lifestyle, disease burden and healthcare costs, it makes economic and medical sense to hold individuals morally responsible for their healthвЂђrelated choices. 6, 7 Federal government spending on healthcare relating to HIV/AIDS is over US$13 billion per year. 5 Alcoholism and drug addiction in the USA account for annual healthcare costs of about US$22.5 billion and US$12 billion, respectively. 4 Obesity, which has been climbing in the past two decades, accounts for about US$75 billion in healthcare costs there each year. 3 Although smoking has declined steadily there since the 1960s, smokingвЂђrelated medical expenses are still about US$75.5 billion per year. Spending on healthcare accounts for about 16% of the gross domestic product in the USA, or US$1.9 trillion. 2 LifestyleвЂђrelated illnesses also contribute to the rising costs of healthcare. 1 Six of the 10 leading factors contributing to the global burden of disease are lifestyle related: unsafe sex, high blood pressure, tobacco use, alcohol use, high cholesterol and obesity. Lifestyle plays a major role in most of the illnesses in industrialised nations.

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